8 results
Effects of Tillage on Trifluralin Residue Carryover Injury to Corn (Zea mays)
- Robert G. Hartzler, Richard S. Fawcett, Michael D. K. Owen
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 37 / Issue 4 / July 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 609-615
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Trifluralin was evaluated at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 kg/ha in 1983 and 1984 at two locations in Iowa for residue carryover injury to corn the following seasons. Three methods of seedbed preparation (no-till, moldboard, and chisel plowing) for corn planting were also examined. There was no effect on corn growth at the 1.1 kg/ha rate of trifluralin. Averaged over the four experiments, reductions in corn height of 8 and 24% were observed 5 weeks after planting at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha, respectively. The relative degree of stunting due to trifluralin decreased as the growing season progressed. Early-season carryover injury was more severe in reduced tillage than in moldboard plow treatments in the 1983-84 Nashua experiment. Moldboard and chisel plowing reduced the concentration of trifluralin in the 0- to 7.5-cm zone of the soil profile by 62 and 31%, respectively, when compared to no-till. No yield reductions were observed at the 1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha rate of trifluralin. In 1984, grain yields were reduced by 8 and 16% at Ames and Nashua, respectively, by the 4.5 kg/ha trifluralin rate.
Effect of Prior Pesticide use on Thiocarbamate Herbicide Persistence and Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) Control
- Wade J. Rudyanski, Richard S. Fawcett, Ray S. McAllister
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 35 / Issue 1 / January 1987
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 68-74
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Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate degradation rates and efficacy of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate), butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate], vernolate (S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate), and cycloate (S-ethyl cyclohexylethylcarbamothioate) in soils with and without prior history of thiocarbamate use. Herbicide persistence was measured by an oat (Avena sativa L.) bioassay, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFA) control was visually estimated in field studies. Both greenhouse and field studies indicated that enhanced thiocarbamate degradation occurred when the same herbicide (EPTC, butylate, or vernolate) was applied over successive years. Addition of dietholate (O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate) or fonofos (O-ethyl-S-phenylethylphosphonodithioate) increased thiocarbamate persistence and giant foxtail control in soils with prior thiocarbamate exposure. Use of dietholate or fonofos two or three consecutive years with EPTC or butylate again resulted in enhanced degradation. EPTC persistence and giant foxtail control were not affected by prior treatments or tank mixes with carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate). Rotation away from successive applications of the same thiocarbamate herbicide (EPTC, butylate, or vernolate) improved herbicide efficacy.
Effects of Trifluralin on Corn (Zea mays) Growth and Nutrient Content
- Robert G. Hartzler, Richard S. Fawcett, Henry G. Taber
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 38 / Issue 6 / November 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 468-470
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Glasshouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of trifluralin on root growth and mineral relations of corn seedlings. Root weight to shoot weight ratios of corn seedlings were positively correlated to concentrations of trifluralin in soil. Root length to shoot weight ratios, however, were inversely related to trifluralin concentrations. Phosphorous and potassium concentrations in shoot tissue were reduced 60 and 35%, respectively, by 0.25 mg trifluralin kg−1 soil. Growth inhibition due to trifluralin was partially overcome by supplementing soil with nutrients.
Seasonal carbohydrate fluctuations in hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) crown roots
- Roger L. Becker, Richard S. Fawcett
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 46 / Issue 3 / June 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 358-365
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Field research was conducted to characterize hemp dogbane crown root carbohydrates, to quantify crown root lipids, and to determine seasonal fluctuation of each. The effect of day length on the release of hemp dogbane crown bud dormancy was studied in growth chambers. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) levels fluctuated with seasonal lows occurring during bud to mid-flowering and seasonal highs in fall predormancy periods. Starch was the primary storage carbohydrate, comprising up to 39.6% of crown root dry weight at the highest seasonal level. Ethanol soluble reducing sugar levels were negatively correlated with seasonal starch levels, and appeared to be maltose and glucose accumulated before conversion to sucrose for translocation. Most lipids were in ethanol soluble fractions and were inversely correlated with seasonal TNC patterns. The maximum level of total lipids in crown roots was 6%. Lipids appeared to be by-products of metabolism in nonarticulated lacticifers and not a significant carbon energy source. An 18-h day length resulted in a 10-fold increase in intact, 2-yr-old crown root dormancy release compared with 10- or 14-h day lengths in growth chamber studies. Seasonal carbohydrate fluctuations in hemp dogbane suggest the most effective control with mowing or tillage would occur when applied at mid- to full flower before root carbohydrates begin to recover. The most effective translocation of phloem mobile herbicides to crown roots would occur after mid- to late flower through leaf senescence when carbohydrates are being stored in the roots.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Herbicides in Soil and Effects on Weed Control
- R. Gordon Harvey, J. H. Dekker, Richard S. Fawcett, Fred W. Roeth, Robert G. Wilson
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 1 / Issue 4 / October 1987
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 341-349
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Research conducted since 1979 in the north central United States and southern Canada demonstrated that after repeated annual applications of the same thiocarbamate herbicide to the same field, control of some difficult-to-control weed species was reduced. Laboratory studies of herbicide degradation in soils from these fields indicated that these performance failures were due to more rapid or “enhanced” biodegradation of the thiocarbamate herbicides after repeated use with a shorter period during which effective herbicide levels remained in the soils. Weeds such as wild proso millet [Panicum miliaceum L. spp. ruderale (Kitagawa) Tzevelev. #3 PANMI] and shattercane [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. # SORVU] which germinate over long time periods were most likely to escape these herbicides after repeated use. Adding dietholate (O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate) to EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate) reduced problems caused by enhanced EPTC biodegradation in soils treated previously with EPTC alone but not in soils previously treated with EPTC plus dietholate. While previous use of other thiocarbamate herbicides frequently enhanced biodegradation of EPTC or butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate], previous use of other classes of herbicides or the insecticide carbofuran (2,3 -dihydro-2,2 -dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) did not. Enhanced biodegradation of herbicides other than the thiocarbamates was not observed.
On-Farm Evaluation of Mechanical and Chemical Weed Management Practices in Corn (Zea mays)
- Robert G. Hartzler, Brad D. Van Kooten, David E. Stoltenberg, Elaine M. Hall, Richard S. Fawcett
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 7 / Issue 4 / December 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 1001-1004
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Combinations of rotary hoeing, cultivation, and band- or broadcast-applied herbicides were compared for weed management in corn at 64 locations in Iowa from 1987 to 1991. Cultivation alone resulted in denser weed populations than herbicide treatments at 41% of the locations; however, corn yields were reduced at only 22% of the locations when weeds were controlled mechanically rather than with herbicides. Compared with broadcast applications, herbicides applied in a band resulted in increased weed populations at 8% of the locations; however, corn yields were reduced at only 1% of the locations.
Contributor affiliations
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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- Book:
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 May 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
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Contributor affiliations
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael E. Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert H. Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
-
- Chapter
- Export citation